Kidney & Ureteric Stones

Urinary stones, also known as renal calculi, are solid masses that form in the urinary tract and can cause pain and discomfort. They are usually made up of mineral and acid salts, such as calcium oxalate or uric acid. These stones can vary in size, from as small as a grain of sand to as large as a golf ball.

Symptoms

Symptoms of urinary stones include sharp pain in the lower back, side, or lower abdomen, as well as pain or burning during urination. Some people may also experience blood in their urine, nausea, or vomiting.

Treatment

There are several treatment options for urinary stones. The choice of treatment will depend on the size and location of the stone, as well as the overall health of the patient.

One option is "watchful waiting," which is used for small stones that are not causing symptoms. The patient will be monitored and given pain medication if needed. In addition, drinking water and taking certain medication can help the stones to pass through the urinary tract on their own.

Another option is extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), which uses sound waves to break up the stones into small pieces that can pass through the urinary tract. This is a non-invasive procedure that is performed on an outpatient basis.

If the stones cannot be passed naturally or treated with ESWL, a procedure called ureterorenoscopy may be done, this procedure is done with a small telescope passed through the urethra, bladder and up to the stone. Laser is used to break the stone into small fragments which are then removed and sent for analysis.

In some cases, the stone may be removed surgically. This can be done through a small incision in the abdomen or the back, or with a procedure called percutaneous nephrolithotomy, which is done through a small puncture in the skin.

Overall, it is important for patients with urinary stones to work closely with their healthcare provider to determine the best treatment option for their specific condition. Drinking lots of water and changing dietary habits can also help prevent recurrent stones.